Apparatus for rolling gears by a new method



`uly 3, 1923. 1.460.528

H. N. ANDERSON APPARATUS PCR ROLLING {FS EY f-. NEW METHGD A TTORNEYS.

, 1,460,528 H. N. ANDERSON APPARATUS FOR ROLLING SEARS BY A NEW METHOD filed Sept. 1'?

1920 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTURNEYS.

July 3, 1923. 1,460,528

H4 N. ANDERSON PPARATUS FOR ROLLING GEARS BY A NEW METHD Fied sept. 1v, '1920 'r sheets-shew July 3, 1923. A 1,460,528

HA N. ANDERSON APPARATUS FOR ROLLING C'IIAFIS DY A NEW METHOD Filed Sept. 1'?. 192C '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 f" 9 5 l I l I l [F: 1' i 1 1 I l |I f w 1T) l m I i INVENTOR.

: .W MM, n Mw (/vv I t M ATTO NEYS.

Juy 3, 1923 Filed Sept. 17 1920 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 uiy 3, i923. 1.460.528

H, N. ANDERSON APPARATUS FCR ROLLING SEARS BY A NEW METHGD Filed Sept. 17. 1920 'Y Sheets-Sheet 6 SFT EA NVENTOR. M 2A/MAI ,fof/6754A A TTORNEYS. y

july 3, 1929..

H. N. ANDERSON APPARATUS FOR RULLING SEARS BY A NEW METHOD Filed Sept. l?. 1920' Sheets-Sheet 1N V EN TOR.

A TTDRNEYS.

Patented July 3, 1923.

UNITED STATES HAROLD N. ANDEESUN, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

AYPABATUB FOR ROLLING GEABB BY A NEW IIETEOD.

Application lied September l?, 1920. i Serial lo. 410,866.

To all wwm it my concern.:

Be it known that I, HAROLD N. Ascensos, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, inthe county of Cu ahoga and State of Ohio, have invente new and useful Ap aratus for Rolli Gears by a New Metliod, of which the fo lowing is a full clear, and exact description. lily present invention relates to apparatus for rolling teeth on gears by a nevr method.

In United States Patent No. 1,001,799 I showed a machine for rollin Vspur gears using,r first a toothed breakingwn roll and then a toothed iinishin' roll for forming teeth on a heated gear b ank. While it was intended that this machine should operate continuously in one direction I suggested that in opderto eect certain results the direction ofv rotation might be reversed at some point in the operation. In United States Iatent No. 1,240,915 I showed a ma lchine for rolling spur gears with a single toothed die roll, this machine also being 1ntended to ope rate in one direction, In United States Patents Nos. 1,240,914;

1,24o,e1e;1,24o,e17 and 1,240,918 I showed.

machines for rolling bevel gears with dierolls rotating in one direction. In- United States Patent No. 1,240,913 I showed a ma chine for rolling spur gears with a reeiprof' eating rack, which, of course.L necessitated oscillatory motion of the blank. In these machines teeth'were formed on the blank by pressing the dieY and rotating blank to gather, gradually sinking, the die teeth into the blank to the required depth, forming the teeth by what is known as the generating principle. wf My present invention consists in forming teeth on the blank by oscillatory rotation followed by continuous rotation o the blank in one direction. The die teeth are sunk to nearly, if not quite the full depth in the blank during the oscillatory rotation, so that the rincipal effect of the subsequent rolling in one direction is to 'smooth and plamsh the surfaces of the teeth. I 'prefer to rotate the blank-stmoderate velocity during the 5 oscillatory stage ofthe operation and increase the velocity considerably during the continuous rotation. By moderate velocity I mean a velocit such as is most practical under .given con itions; that is, in view yin Patent No. 1,240,9l3,

of the size of the blank, the weight of the oscillatory parts, etc. i

In United States Patent No. 1,237,125 I explained the action of the die teeth as they enter and leave the blank, and pointed out that because the die teeth move toward the axis of the blank on entering and sway from the axis on leaving the spaces between the teeth, there is a slight though negligible difference in the elect reduced on the two sides of the spaces. s was there stated this difierence is'neutralized in the machine disclosed here the teeth are generated with a reci y rocating rack. The principal object of the present invcn tion is to provide means for employing this reciprocatory method in connection with a rotary die, and adapt it to rolling bevel and other types of gears as well as spur ears.

Another object is to combine the desirable features of both methods of rolling in a sin e machine. By forming the teeth with osci latoy motion they are the same onboth sides and they have a uniform texture;

that is, the fibrous structure of the teeth,

which has a form somewhat like that of the teeth, is madesymm'etrical. On the other hand, the subsequent rolling,r in one direction, and preferably at a considerably increased velocity, gives the tooth surfaces a fine smooth finish. If the oscillatory rolling is succeeded by direct rolling before the die hasvbeen sunk tothe maximum depth in the blank the metal composing the teeth is made very dense and tough and the surfaces of the teeth are freed from scale and planshed- The effect of any backlash that may be present in the timing mebhanism or elsewhere is also removed and the teeth brought to the correct thickness;

In the accompanying drawings I have shown two embodiments of my invention, adapted to roll bevel gears and one for roll ini` spur gears.

i ig. 1 is a plan view of one of the machinos for rolling bevel gears.

Fig. 2 is a. rear elevation of n portion of the vmachine shown in Fig. i, it being the mechanism by which the die and blank are oscillated.

Fig. 3 is an elevation, rincipally in section, of the mechanism or rectfying the direction of rotation of the cani by whi the die roll is moyed toward the Blanks tionar guides 90. The fork S'istixed to the and o a rod 91 shown in dotted lines' in Fi f.

y ,(1, the other end of the rod being pivotal y attached to an arm 92 keyed to the lower end of a vertical Shaft 9e (See Figs. 5 and e).

v`.The links 88 constitute a toggle joint of `which the fork 8T is the knuckle, and when the fork is moved to a position where the axes of the studs 89 intersect the axis of shaft 80 inx'plther Words, whenthe links 8S are moved to a position where they are in alinement with each other. the cams 83 and 84 are moved on the shaft 80 into operative posi tions. They occupy thisgposition in Fi 2. i

When the fork 87, is m ved by the ro 91 and lever 92 to the position shown in Fig. 14 cams 83 and 84 are drawn toward each other by the links 88 and outof operative positions.

The clutches 72 and 73 are provided with theY usual shifting collars 100, each of which is'moved longitudinally on the shaft 68 by `av shifting lever 101, these levers being mounted to rock on fixed centers 102. Each of the levers carries a roller 103 that coo erates with one of the cams, 83 and 84. he levers 101 are connected together by a rod 104 so that they move in unison.

Referring new to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the cam 84 has rocked its lever 101 in the direction necessary to close the 'clutch 72; the gear 66 is therefore driving the gear while the gear 67 is being driven idly by the gear 65 in a direction opposite to that in which the shaft 68 rotates. this being.v possible because the clutch 73 is open. When the shaft 68 has rotated e predetermined distance. it being recalled that the shaft is constantly rotated by the shaft 68 through chain 82, the cam 83 will shift the lever 101 and clos@l clutch 73. Simultaneously the clutch 72 is opened by the rod 104 that connects the levers 101` the cam 84 having rotated to a point where it will permit the movement1 of the lever. The gear. 67 will now be in driving connection with the shaft 68 and capable of rotating the gear 65. But since the gear 67 meshes with the side of gear 65 opposite io that with which gear 66 meshes. it is seen that the gear 67 rotates the gear 65 in a direction opposite to that in which 'gear 66 drives it. When the shaft 68 has'rotated a predetermined distance with the. clutch 73 closed, the cam 84 again closes clutch 72, clutch 73 being simultaneously opened, an'd the direction of rotation of gear 65 is 'again reversed. In this way the gear 65 is driven automatically a predetermined distance in each direction, the reversals be in'g effected automatically as long as the cams 83 and' 84 remain in operative position.V

lVhen the oscillatory motion has continued the desired length of time the shaft .(13 is rocked. and through the medium of arm 92 und rod iii the fork 87 is moved to the position shown in Fig. l, thereby moving the cams S3 and 84 to their inoperative position, The sleeves extend beyond the reins SI1 and 84I and at their ends carry disks 94. Moving the links B8 to the position they occupy in Fig. 1, carries the sleeves toward each other sniciently so that the disk `9-t will engage the iever 101 whose clutch happens to be closed and rocks the lever far enough to open the clutch.

The mechanism for starting, stopping and controlling the machine will now be described: The vertical shaft 93 is mounted to rock in a. bracket carried by the base 26. An arm 111 is keyed to the upper end of the shaft and it is provided with a recess 112 formed by two depending lugs 113. A short distance below the hub of the arm lll n similar arm, 114. is loosely mounted on the shaft 93. the outer end of this arm having a recess 115 simler to recess 112 and also formed by lugs 113. these lugs. however, extend upward instead of depending. Secured to the hub of the arm 114 is a sleeve 116 which extends downward on the shaft 93 a suitable distance and at its lower end carries a forked arm 117. Loosely mount ed on the shaft 93 between the hubs of the arms 1.11 and 114 is e; collar 118 to which is pivotally attached a lever 119, the piv4 otal axis being horizontal. that the lever may be rocked upward or downward from a central or neutral position. The lever may also be laterally rocked because of the collar being loosely mounted on the shaft. Each of the arms. 111 and 114, carries a fiat spring 121. These springs bear against opposite sides of the lever 119 and hold it in a central or neutral position. The forked arm 117 is connectedf to the clutch 77, so that. when the arm 114 l rocked on the shaft 93 the clutch is op ned or closed.

By referring to Figs. 5 and 6 is will be seen that the recesses 112 and 115 are opposite each other and that by rocking the lever 119 upward on its axis 120 the lever may he made to engage in recess 112. By rocking it downward it will engage in recess 115. With the arms in the positions shown in these views all of the clutches are open. To close the clutch 77 the lever is first rocked downward into the recess 115 and then swung to the left. To throw the oscillatory mechanism into operation the lever would be raised into the recess 112 and then thrown to the left, the lever is thus coupled at will to either arm. To prevent the lever from being disengaged from either arm before the are:l has been returned to its home position -I provide a stationary lil() CPI locking bar 122 which is mounted on an extension 123 of the bracket 110. When the lever 119 is engaged with one of the arms and thrown to the left, the locking bar 12-2 prevents its disengagement from the arm without first being returned to the normal or home position. 'By this means closing the clutch 77 while'the oscillatory mechanism is in operations or throwin in the oscillatory operation while the clutc 77 is closed is prevented.

I will now describe the mechanism for moving the shaft 45 longitudinally and pressing the teeth of the die roll -into the heated blank in the holder 40. A shaft 130, rotating in bearings 131 on the base 25, has keyed to it a cam 1 32 and it is necesn sary to rotate this cam one revolution to roll each blank. moving ity continuously in one direction, notwithstanding the other parts of the machine are oscillating part of the time. A worin gear 133 is keyed to the shaft 131.7 and is drirerrb)r a worm (not shown) on the shaft 134, which rotates in bearings 135. A shaft 136 in longitudinal alinement with shaft 134 rotates in bearings 137 and is driven by spiral gears 138 and 135). lVhen the jack shaft is being driven by the clutch 7T the shaft 13G drives shaft. 134 through an automatic friction 'lutch (sec Figs. 3 and 4). This will now be desrribcd.

ln Fig. 3 is will be seen that the ends of the shafts 134 and 136 almost abut. listed to he extreme end of the shaft 136 is a gear 14() having a hub 141 to which is keyed the member 142 of the automatic friction clutch` this bein f seen to the best advantage in Fig. 4. 'eyed to the extreme end of the shaft 134 a gear 143 having a hab H4. Severed to this hub is a ring. 145 whirh extends beyond the heb into the zone ot the member 14'2. The member 142 is cnt aurai' at three points to forni recesses 146 inmwhirh rolls 14T are confined. 'The taies 14R thus formed upon thc` member 14?.` are slightly eccentric and when the member 142 rotates the direction indicated by the arrow ini Fig. 4 there is a tendency for the rolls to lroll to higher points on the faces 148, which causes the rolls tol become iannned between the faces 148 and the in `terior of the ring 145 and enables the mem-- rber 142 to drive the ring 145. lVhen the member 112 rotates in the opposite direction to that shown by the arrow the roiis tend to roll to lower points on the eccentric faces and thas relieve the pressure against the rin;r 14o and allow the member 142 to rotate freelygen'ithin the ring. The rolls are sonst-andy pressed toward the. higher points ot the reielreiitricy faces by spring` pressed plnngcrs 149` so that when the mein ber 142 starts to rotate in the direction dicated by the arrow the rolls grip the ring 145 al ost instantly, so that there is substantial no lost. motion in that direction by the mem `r 142.

Daring the oscillatory operation of the machine the shaft 136 is oscillated along with the other parts of the machine. Half of the time, therefore, it is rotating in a. direction opposite to that in which the clutch 7T drives it and at these times the member 142 rotates in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 4. For the purpose of driving the shaftr134 at these times I provide a rectifyin device, oomprising a second automatic c utch mounted on a shaft 150. A `gear 151 keyed to this shaft is driven by the gear 1.40 through an intermediate gear 152, shown aiso in dotted lines in Fig. 4. Keyed to a. hub forming part of this gear 151 is a clutch member 153, just like member 142 except that the eeeentrie faces face the opposite way. Loosely mounted on the shaft 150 is a gear 154 carrying e ring 155 similar to ring 145. Rolls 156 confined in the recesses erform the same function as rolls 147. i ien the shaft 136 rotatesbackward, that is,y contrary to the direction in which clutch 7T drives it, the gear 154 is frictionally driven by this second clutch and it drives the gear 143 in the same direction. that the member 142 drives it. It is thusfseen that whether the machine is oscillatingr or rotating,1 continuously in one direction the shaft 134 is rotated forward, drivingr the cani 132 in the right direction always.

Fig. T is an enlarged View of the cam 132 and in dotted lines a portion of the roller 52 is shown in the position it occupies with. reference to the cam when a gear blank is being placed in the holder 40. The follower 46 is constantly urged by the springf to more toward the earn. so that the roller 52 bears on the periphery of the cam at all times. Then the blank has been secured in the holder the operator raises the lever 11.9 and throws it to the left, thus potting into operation the oscillating' mechanism. which valises rotation of the cani in the direction indicated bv arrows in Fiffs. 1 and 7.* For purposes of explanation the earn is assumed to be divided into several sectors; the action of the sertor .i'\- to .more the roller 52 a considerable distnnre toward the blank, which brings the die roll practically into engagement with the blank. The sector B-C continues the movement ot the die and causes the teeth to sink into the blank, the die and blank continuinor to oscillate during this time. I prefer to time the os' filiation so that the blank will rotate ap? proxiniatcly from one to three revolutions each way. rThis however is not essential and in some cases different timing may be found preferable. The timing may be varied by changing the speed ratio of shafts medusa B 68 Iand 80. There are other ways of doing this of course, which an skilled Vmechanic would easilyi see. At a ut the time the point C on` the cam reaches the roller 52, the operator will return the lever 119 to its -central osition, thereby stopping 'the :oscillation o the machine, and he will then move the lever downward, thus coupling it to the arm 114, and throwing it to the left will close the* clutch 77 and start the machine to rotating in one direction. As the oscillating mechanism is driven through the worm'gear 69 it islseen that the velocity at which ,the die and' blank oscillate is much less than when they are being rotated b the clutch 77, for at that time the jack sha t is driven by the belt 75 directly from the main or motor shaft 7`1. The sector B-C of the cam 132 sinks the die teeth nearly, but not quite to the final depth in the blank; the completion of the dies advance into the blank is e'eeted by the sector C-D.

'the blank This slight additional advance -into the blank, accompanied as it is by ra id rotation in one direction compacts t e metal of the teeth and gives them the final and correct form. The sector D-E simply hold the die at the final depth in hile the rapid rotation con- 'tinues, whic serves to planish the teeth and remove any forging scale that may remain on them. hilo theA roller 52 is traversing the sector E-A the operator opens the clutch 77 by returning the lever 119 to its home position and stops the machine at the required point by o erating the handle 160 of a band brake 1 1 which surrounds the shaft 28 adjacent to the timin gear 31. As the cam mechanism is driven y the 'ack shaft 61, which also drives the die and blank holder, the velocity of the cam varies just as the velocity of the die and blank holder varies. It is seen, therefore, that while the characteristics of the movement of approach between the diel and holder are determined by the contour of the cam, the movement of approach is modified in accordance with the velocity of the die and holder.

Instead of leaving a portion of the dies advance into the blank to be eilected after continuous rotation in one direction has begun, the advance may be completed during the oscillatory operation. Furthermore, the continuous rotation may be omitted and the blank `completed by oscillation alone. Obviously, these steps are within the scope of my invention. but I preferthe procedure first described: by sinking the die to nearly the required depth by oscillatory rotation a symmetrical tooth structure -is built up which will be practically unaii'ected by the slight additional advance which the die makes during` the one direction rotation. The one direction rotation may be regarded as merely a prolongation of the last step in ddie gently against the blank and the b the oscillation, and if desired the advance of the die into the blank during this last step need be no greater than its a vance during any single step of the oscillation. I mention these things-to show the flexibility of my new method and how the advantages of one way rotation and oscillatory rollin may be combined, so that the roduct em odias the desirable characteristics imparted by each.

lt occasionally happens that a bl k must be returned' to the holder and rero led. In such cases it is important to place the blank in the holder in a position where the die teeth will enter between theV teeth which have been more or less completely formed on the blank. Forthis purpose Iprovide a lever 165 pivoted at 166, havin an upwardly extending member 167 adapted to engage a lug 168 extending laterally from the ollower 46. Ordinarily, the lever rests on a stop pin 169 and when it is necessary to use the lever this lin is removed, so that the lever may be roc ed downward, bringing the member 167 into engagement with the lug 168. Continued downward motion of the lever moves the shaft 45' and therefore the die toward the blank. The operator turns the blank in the holder to a osition where the die teeth enter properly etween the teeth of they blank and while pressingl thi into the holder by means of the lever 165 he clamps the blank in the holder; then when the blank is rerolled there is the minimum of disturbance of the teeth thet were formed during the revious rolling.

Fig. 10 s ows a modification of the machine which has just been described, adapted to roll spur lgears, and as the mechanism for oscillating t e die and roll and subsequently rotating them in one direction only is identically the same as that just described, it is not Y necessary to again describe it. The same reference numerals are aflixed to the several parts as were used in describing the corresponding parts in the previously de scribed machine. I will therefore confine the description of the spur machine to the parts that are diii'erent.

Referring now to Fig. 10, the jack shaft 60 carries a spur gear 1 5 in place of the bevel gear 63 carried by this shaft in Fig. 1. This gear meshes with a gear 176 on a .shaft 177 that is journaled in bearings 17 8. The shaft 177 carries one member v179 of the blank holder. The opposite member, 186, of the blank holder is carried by one end of a shaft 181 which is adapted to slide longi tudinally and rotate in a bearing 182. The shaft 181 is moved toward the shaft 177 by a spring (not shown) and itmay be moved in the op )osite direction by means of the lever 183 ilulcrumed at 184. lVhen the blank 165 is inserted between the members 179V and 1S() of the holder it is clamped temporarily by the spring before referred to, which moves the shaft lill toward the shaft 177. Die roll 1.5'6 is mounted ou a shaft 187 ljournalefl in bearings 18H that are carried by sliding carriage 169. this carriage being sup ported by guides 190 carried by the hase 25. The shaft 187 is driven by the jack shaft 6o through universal joints 191. which allows the die roll 186 to be moved to and fro with reference to the blank While the proper speed ratio of the die and blank is main tained by the gears 175 and 1.76.

On the end of the shaft 161 remote from lthe hlnnk is attached a thrust bearing 192 which carries a ramp 193. Projecting laterallyI from the carriage 182) is en erm 194 carrying a block 19.5 whose position may be adjusted with reference to the arm '1.94 by a screw 196. Then the carriage 159 is moved to bring the die roll into engagement with the blank the block 195 ridesY across the ramp 193 and presses the blank holder niember 18() firmly against the blank. The blank is thus held tightly in the holder while the;

die o rates on it and is automatically release as the die is withdrawn, so that all the operator needs to do to remove the blank is to move the shaft 181 by means of the lever 183 in op osition to the spring previously referre to. The parts so far described are substantially the same as corresponding parts in my Patent No. 1.240.915, so a more detailed description of these parts is unnecessary here.

The present machine has a shaft 45 which is moved endwise in one direction by a spring 51 and in the other direction by the cam 132 just as is the euse in the machine shown in Fig. 1. The shaft 45 is attached to the carriage 189 and moves the carriage to and fro just asL in the other miichine 'it moves the die roll. Instead of carrying the Worm for driving the wheel 133, shaft 134 carries s, gear 200 which meshes with gear 201 secured to a shaft 202 mounted in a boerin` 203, which shaft carries the Worm (not s own) that drives the gear With this exce tion, the die is advanced by rnotion of tile jack shaft 60 with either oscillatory or direct rotation. inst as in the machine shown in Fig. 1. he purpose of interposing the gears 200 and 201 is to enable the ratio of movement between shafts 60 and 130 to be varied if desired. lt is apparent that this same change gear arrangement can be incorporated in the machine shown in Fig. 1, if desired. The operation of this machine is the same as has been previously described, and it is evident that the same advantages are obtained here in connection with spur gears as has been described with reference to bevel gears made in the ma. chine of Fig. 1.

In Fig.' 9 I show a machine for rolling bevel gears which operates on e diferent principle' from either of the machines already described. In this machine the blank 210 is carried on the end of a iack shaft 211 mounted in bearings 212. A bevel gear 213, loosely mounted on the jack shaft, is enmeshed with a bevel .ar 214 carried on a worm shaft 215 (see ig. 9A), which is connected to the shaft of the motor 216. By means of a clutch 217 the ear 213 is put into driving connection witg the shaft 211 and the shaft is thus driven in one direction by the motor. For the purpose of oscillating the shaft 211 I provide a. worm gear 220 that is driven by a worm on the shaft 21,5. The Worm gear is mounted on a shaft 221 which carries a crank 222 that is connected by a pitman 223 to a toothed segment 224, arranged to rock on an axis 225. The segment meshes with a pinion 226 that is loosely mounted on the shaft 211 but which, when desired, is p'ut into driving connection with the shaft by a clutch 227. The clutches 217 and 227 are operated selectively, oiie being,r opened and the other `dosed, and vice versa, by a lever 228 fulcrumed at 229. This lever operates the clutch 217 directly and the Clutch 227 by means 0f a link 229 and a lever 230 'fulcrumed at 231. The segment 224 rocks constantly whenever the motor is run ning and by shifting the lever 228 in one direction the clutch 227 is closed and the jack shaft oscillated while shifting it in the opposite direction closes the clutch 217 sind causes the jack shaft to be driven constantly in one direction.

A timing gear 235 is keyed to the jack shalt 211 and meshes with a timing gear 236. rigid- 1y lixed to a shaft 237 mounted to rotate in bearings carried by a superbcse 238. The shaft 237 is tubular and contains a shaft 239 which is connected to shaft 237 by a. spline that makes the shafts rotate as a unit-'but allows the inner one to move longitudinally. A die roll .240, carried by the end of shaft 239, may pressed against the blank bv moving,r tht shaft 239endwise. The shaft 239 is conn yted to a follower 241 by a thrust bearing 242 and the follower carries a roller 243 that is acted upon by a cam 244 similar to the cam 132 previously described. The cam is carried on'a shaft 245 that is driven b v a shaft 246 through a spiral gear 247. The shaft 246 carries a gear 248 which meshes with a gear 249 carried by a shaft 250, mounted in a bearing' 251. The shaft 250 is driven throu h a telescopic shaft 252 and two universe joints 253 by a shaft 254 mounted to rotate in hearings 255. Loosely mounted on shaft 254 are two bevel gears, 256 and 257, both of which are enmeshed with a beve-l gear 258 fixed to the worm gear shaft 221. Each of the gears, 256 and 257, carries a clutch member which is adapted to ,cooperate with a clutch member 259 splined on the shaft 254. The member 259 may be tion with reference to the cam 244 the same as roller 52 occupies with reference to the' cam 232 in Fig. 7. Wheuthe blank is in place the operator closes the Y clutch 22? which starts the machine to oscillating; and he also shifts the lever 260 to start the die advancing mechanism. For this Burpose he shifts it in the direction which wi cause the the cam 244to be rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow on the cam. At the proper time he opens the clutch 227 and closes the clutch 217V and finishes rolling the blank at ,high speed in one direction. Most of the time the clutch member259 will be engaged with the same gear (256 or 257) and t e only time that it will be necessary to reverse the direction of the die advancing mechanism is in case of somethin) unusual happening; such as the Ymachine u.coming l jammed or if for 4any reason the operator Wishes to relieve the. pressure temporarily, This is n, feature which may very readily be applied to either of the machines. previouslv described.

While the machine just described is adapted to roll bevel gears having any number of teeth it is especially adapted to roll ginions havin comparatively few teeth. In

ig. 9 it is s own..set to roll pinions with very few teeth. To arrange it for rolling pinions with more teeth it is only necessary to swing the superbase 238 around on the axis 265. As the superbase is swung around, the telescopic shaft 252 and universal joints 253 automatically accommodate themselvesI to the changed angularly of shaft 239 and no' attention need be given to the die advancing mechanism, unless it becomes necessary, because of the change in the size of hiank that is to be rolled. to vary the yelocity ratio of the cam 244. This may be done by changing the genis 248 and 249. Althou vh various structural details are shown in ig 9, the figure is to a considerable extent diagrammatic. This is true of the arrangement for holding small pinions while they are being rolled. The scale of Fig. 9 is too small to show this, but it is to be understood that the same arrangement may be employed as is illustrated in Fig. 8. ,The gear 214 is driven at the speed of the motor and for this reason it is desirable to employ a friction clutch at 217. ln Fig. 9^ the crank 222 and pitman 223 are shownat dead center; they are at this and the other dead center once 1n each revolution ot the crank and as they ap preach and leave dead centers the pinion` 226 moves very slowl For this reason a positiveinstead of a riction clutch may he used at 227, if desired..

Referring now to Fig. 8, the numeral 210 is again used to indicate a pinion on which teeth are being rolled. This pinion is seated in a rece formed in a stout conical block 2'2'5 that is bolted to a flange formed on the end of a shaft 276. The recess is formed to receive the portion of the blank pinion adjacent to the base of its pitch cone, and it extends outward from the axis of the blank far enough to afford su port for all of the metal in the blank whicli is sub`ected to direct pressure from the die. 0r the purpose of clamping the blank in the recess or4 holder I provide a pull-rod 277 which asses longitudinally through the shaft an be forced cndwise in either direction by a hand wheel 278. The end of the rod is arranged to act as an arbor for the blank and for this )urpose is preferablyY somewhat tapered. eyond the arbor the rod is threaded to receive a nut 279. When the lsnk is being placed the rod is projected from the block 275 sufficiently to allow the blank to be pushed firmly on the arbor by the nut 279. The hand wheel 278 is then rotated to draw the blank into the recess in the holder. The bore ofthe blank is thus uite filled by the arbor and the body of the b luik is clamped between the nut and .the walls of the recess. In order to gain time and. prevent the blank cooling too much before teeth can be rolled on it` the nut and the threaded part of the arbor may be mutilated; that is, the threaded part oi the arbor may have two or three longitudinal channels cut in it which in the aggregate amount to about one half of the circumference of the rod, and similar channels cut. in the nut. The nut can then be slipped on the rod until it is in Contact with the blank and the blank then clamped by turning the nut only a fraction of a revolution. This expedient being well known', it is deemed unnecessary to illustrate it. The teeth on the blank are formed with a die roll 280 mounted on the end of a longitudinally movable shaft 281. This shaft is carried by a tubular shaft 282 arranged to lilly rotate in bearings 283 carried by a member 284 corresponding to the superbase in Fig.

9. The shafts 281 snd282 are connected by.

a spline 285 'whereby they are made to rotate as a unit. The timn gear 286 is secured to thet shaft 282 and mes es with a timing gear 287 secured to the shaft 276; these gears maintain a lined speed ratio between the blank and die while teeth are being rolled on the blank and it is evidently immaterial which shaft, 276 0r 2857., is the driver and which the driven. While the shafts are rotated the shaft. Q81 is moved longitudinally toward the blank by the mechanism which has been previously described or any other suitable means.

The pressure against the blank While teeth are being rolled upon it is evidently parallel to the axis of the shaft 281, A dotted line 290 parallel to the axis of the shaft 281 and coincident with the inner edge of the annnlus constituting the die is seen to be within the confines of the holder on the side opposite to that from which the pressure is imparted, The bulk of the strain is therefore sustained by the. block 275 and there is no tendency to deflect the arbor inside of the blank, The arbor performs a useful function in iilling the bore of the blank and withstanding the strain tending to move the nut 279 longitudinally away from the holder, but it is relieved of substantially all lateral strain. As the pinion 210 has the 'smallest number of teeth that approved engineering ractice permits to be used. it is seen that "ig, 8 illustrates the most extreme case. Any increase in the number of teeth in the pinion will evidently improve the conditions.

In the machines for rolling bevel gears that I have heretofore disclosed the timingl gear and blank holder have been comparatively close together and there has been no journal between them. This is also the case in the machine shown in the present Fig. 1. In Fig. 8 the shaft 276 is supported' by a bearingr 295 placed between the blank holder Q and timin gear 28T. Another bearing is assumed to e placed between the flanges 296. This arrangement for supporting the.

shaft 276 is peculiarly appropriate in a ma.- chine designed for rolling Small pinions, where the pressure may be nearly perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. The bearingr 29? is assumed to be bolted to the base of the machine: and in order that the blank holder 2) and timing gear Q8? may be readily changed to prepare the machine for rolling gears of various sizes the bearing 295 is split vertically. so that it can be removed Without disturbinf.,1r the shaft 276.

While gears alone have been hereinbefore referred to, it is not to be understood that the field for my machines and the method they carry out is limited to gears. Other rotary articles may be rolled by these machines by simply substituting a die of appropriate design; and there are other articles than gears which it would be advantageous to roll by the method I have described. As an example I may mention sprocket wheels. It is not necessary, even, that the die have teeth or other projections.

it is not to be understood that I consider my invention limited in its practical appliout departure from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of my claims.

That claim is as 1follows:

l. In a lgear rolling machine, a. toothed die, means for rolling a heated blank against said die, irst alternately in opposite directions and then continuously in one direction, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank.

2. In a gear rolling machine, a toothed die, means for rolling a heated blank against said die, first alternately in opposite drec tions and then continuously in one direction, means for rodinzintq, relative movoment of approach etween the die and blank, and means for varying said movement of approach according to any predetermined scher ule relative to the velocity of rotation.

3. n a gear rolling machine, a toothed die, means for rolling a heated blank against said die, first alternately in opposite directions and then continuously in one direc` tion, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank during the alternating operating and discontinuing the mdvement of approach during at least part of the continuous roll- 4. In a gear rolling machine, a toothed die, means 'for rolling a heated blank against said die, first 'alternately in opposite directions and then continuously in one direction at a different velocity than during the alternating operation, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank.

5. In a Gear rolling machine, a toothed die, means Ffor rolling a. heated blank against the die, first alternately in opposite directions at a speed be'st adapted to displace the metal and form teeth on the blank, and then continuously in one direi-tion at a Aspeed best adapted to tinish the surfaces of 'the teeth, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank during the tooth forming operation and such part of the finishingr operation as is desired.

6. In a gear rolling machine, a rotary toothed die, means for rolling a heated gear blank against said die, first alternately in opposite directions at a relatively low veloclty and then continuously in one direc tion at increased velocity.

7. In a gear rolling machine` a rotary toothed die, means for rolling' said die and a heated blank together alternately in both directicms,` means for concurrently producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank, whereby to sink the die teeth into the blank and form teeth on the latter, and means for maintaining fixed velocity ratio between the die and blank durinlg the tooth forming operation;

8. n a gear rolling machine, a rotary toothed die, means for rolling said die and a heated blank together alternatelyy in both direct-ions and concurrently producing relative movement of ap roach whereby the die teeth are sunk into t e blank to form teeth thereon, and means for coordinating the rotary .motion with said movement of approach, so that one is proportional to the other.

9. In a gear rolling machine, a toothed die, means for rolling a heated gear blank against the die alternately in both directions, rotating the blank approximately from one to three revolutions in each di rection, at the same time pressing the teeth of the die into the blank while maintaining fixed velocity ratio between the. die and blank, and means for following said alternate rolling by continuous rolling in one directionhrotating the blank thus a comparatively large number of revolutions.

10. In a machine for rolling gears, a gear blank holder, a shaft arranged to rotate in one direction, means driven by said shaft` for rotating the holder alternately in both directions, means also driven by said shaft for rotating the holder continuously in one direction, and means whereby one or the other of said means is put into operation.

11. In a machine for rolling gears, a gear blank holder, a shaft arranged torotate in one direction, means driven by said shaft for rotating the holder alternately in both directions, means also driven by said shaft for rotating the holder continuously in one direction, a manually operable lever whereby one or the other of said means is put into o eration.

l2. n a machine for rolling gears, a gear blank holder, a shaft arranged to rotate in one direction, means driven by said Shaft. for rotating the holder alternately in both directions, means also driven, by said shaft for rotating the holder continuously in one direction, a manually operable lever whereby one or the other of said means is put into operation and means whereby putting either into operation before operation of the other is sus ended is prevented.

13. n a machine for rolling gears, a gear blank holder, a shaft arranged to rotate in one direction at uniform velocity, means operated by said shaft for rotating the holder alternately' in both directions. means also operated by said shaft for rotating the holder continuously in one direction at a different velocity than that at which it rotates when oscillating, and means where by one or the other of said means is put into operation.

14. In a machine for rolling gears, comprising a rotary toothed die, a blank holder,

for rotating and timing mechanism whereby the die and holder are compelled to rotate at a fixed velocity ratio: a shaft arranged to rotate in one direction, means driven by said shaft for rotating the die and holder alternately in both directions, means also driven by said shaft for rotating them continuously in one direction, and mechanism for producing relative movement of approach between the die and holder, said mechanism operat ing in time with the movement of the ditl and holder, so that the movement of ap proach is in accordance with the velocity of the die and holder.

l5. In a machine for rolling gears, comprising a rotary toothed die, a blank holder, and timing mechanism whereby the die and holder are compelled to rotate at a'xed velo'city ratio: a shaft arranged to rotate in one direction, means, driven by said shaft for rotating the die and holder alternately in both directions, means also driven by said shaft for rotating them continuousl in one direction, and mechanism for prof ucing relative movement of approach between the die and holder, comprising a cam which may be formed so that the movement of approach willy-have any desired characteristics, the rotation of said cam being timed to that of the die and holder so` that the movement of approach is modified in accordance 4with the velocity of the die and holder.

16. In a machine for rolling gears, comprising a rotary toothed die, a blank holder, and timing mechanism whereby the die and holder are compelled to rotate at a fixed velocity ratio: a shaft arranged to rotate in one direction, means driven by said shaft the die and holder alternately in both directions, means also driven by said shaft for rotating them continuously in one direction, and mechanism for producing relative movement of approach between the die and holder; said mechanism comprising a shaft which is oscillatcd or rotated contininusly in unison with the die and holder and at proportional velocity, a member that is required to 'rotate when said shaft rotates, but always forward, and means for so driving said member from said shaft.

li'. In a machine for rolling gears, comprising a rotary toothed die, a blank holder. and timing mechanism whereby the die and holder are compelled to rotate at a fixed velocity ratio; a shaft arran ed to rotate in one direction. means driven y said shaft for rotating the die and holder alternately in both directions, means also driven by said shaft for rotating them continuously in one direction, audmechanism for producing,r relative movement: Vof approach between the die and holder;`said mechanism comprising a shaft which is oscillated or rot-ated continuously in unison with the die and holder,

a cam that is required to rotate forward only and a rectifying mechanism through which the shaft drives the cam.

1R. ln a gear rolling machine comprising a rotary toothed die, a blank holder and timing mech". iism whereby the die` and holder are compelled to rotate at a fixed velocity ratio; a jack ,shaft arranged to rotate the die and holder, a main shaft which rota( es only in one direction, means for driving said jack shaft thereby through a clutch; means, also clutch controlled, whereby the main shaft oscillates the jack shaft, and a manually operable lever whereby to actuate the rluches selectively. so that the die and holder ma)- be oscillated, driven continu ously in one direction or stopped, at will.

i9. in a gear rollingI machine comprising a rotary toothed die, a blank bolder and timingr mechanism whereby the die and hold er are compelled to rotate at a fixed velocity ratio', a jack shaft arranged to rotate the die and holder, a main shaft adapted to rotate in one direction, a driving connection, including a clutch, for drivin the jack shaft from said main shaft in one direction, mechanism, also clutch controlled, for oscillating the jack shaft, rotating it approximately from one to three revolutions alternately in both directions at substantially lower speed than when it is rotated in one irection only; two separate clutch shifting devices, one to control the oscillatory and the other the continuous drive, a manually operable lever whereby either shifting device may be open ated and means for compelling either clutch to be thrown out before another can be thrown in.

20. ln a gear rolling machine comprising a rotary toothed die. a gear blank holder and mechanism whereby the die and holder are made to rotate at invariable velocity ratio; mechanism for producingr relative movement of approach between the die and holder, com arising a cam whereby said movement o approach is given the desired characteristics, said cam requiring rotation in one direction only. a member whereby to rotate the die and holder, said membet being revoluble either alternately in both: direc tions or continuously in one direction, driving the die and blank accordingly; an anto- Inatic clutch whereby said member drives the cum when ii` rotates in the direction rotated by the cam, and a second automatic ntch and a reversing mechanism whereby huid member drives the cam when it rotates in the direction opposite to that rotated by the cam.

2t. ln a lf jear rolling machine comprising a rotary toothed die` a gear blank holder and mechanism whereby the die and holder are made to rotate at invariable velocity ratio; mechanism for producing relative movement of approach between the die and holder, comprising a cam whereby said movement of approach is given the desired, characteristics, said cam requiring rotation in one direction onl a member whereby to rotate the die and holder, said member being revoluble either alternately in both di rections or continuously in one direction, driving the die and blank accordingly; an automatic friction clutch whereby said member drives the cam when it rotates in the direction required by the cam, and a second automatic friction clutch and a reversing mechanism whereby said member drives the cam when it rotates in the direction opposite to that required by the cam.

22. In a gear rolling machine comprising a rotary toothed die, a gear blank holder and mechanism vwhereby the die and holder are made to rotate at invariable velocity ratio; a jack shaft connected to drive the die and holder, a main shaft, and mechanism whereby said main shaft rotating in one direction rotates the jack shaft alternately in both directions, rotating it approximately from one to three revolutions in each direction repeatedly and concurrently with said relative movement of approach.

Q3, In a gear rolling machine comprising a rotary toothed die, a gear blank holder and mechanism whereby the die and holder are made to rotate at invariable velocity ratio; a shaft arranged to rotate in ore direction, two gears loose] mounted on said shaft, one of which is a apted to drive the die (gid holder in one direction and the other to ive them in the op site direction, a clutch whereby' to est ablis a driving connectio between each of the gears and said sha shifting mechanism for throwing the clutches in and out, a cam shaft driven by the aforesaid shaft, and cams thereon to operate the shifting mechanism and automatically throw the clutches in and out alternately.

24. In aigear rolling machine comprising a rotary toothed die, agear blank holder and mechanism whereby the die and holder are made to rotate at invariable velocity ratio; two clutches, means for driving the die and blank in one direction when one of these clutches is closed and for driving them in the opposite direction when the other clutch is closed; automatic shifting mecha-` nism for closing said clutches alternately. said mechanism reopening each clutch be fore closing the other, and means for throw ing the shifting mechanism into and out of operation, with provision for opening either be closed when said clutch that happens to thrown ont of operation.

mechanism 1s 25. ln a machine for rolling gears, a holder for blanks, a die roll, a movable support for the die with power actuated means for moving said support to press the die teeth into a blank in the holder, and a, manloo ually actuated member to move the die support into engagement with the blank, enabling the operator to use the die for locating a partly finished blank in the holder. `26. In a machine for rolling gears, a rotatable blank holder, a die for rolling teeth on bevel gear blanks, said die being carried on the end of a revoluble shaft which 1s moved longitudinally to press the rotating die into aI blank carried by the rotating holder to form teeth thereon, and a manually operable lever whereby the shaft may be moved longitudinally though it is not rotating and the die used for locating a partly finished blank in the holder.

27. In a machine for rolling bevel gears, a holder for supporting a blank, a toothed die adapted to roll teeth on a. bevel gear blank carried by the holder, and means for oscillating the die and holder and concurrently producing relative movement of a plroh therebetween to form teeth on t e 28.V In a machine for rolling bevel gears a holder for supporting a blank, a toothe die adapted to roll teeth on a bevel gear blank carried by the holder, means for oscillating the die and holder and concurrently producing relative movement of approach therebetween, and means for maintaining fixed speed ratio between the die and holder.

29. In a machine for rolling bevel gears, a shaft, a blank holder carried by the end of said shaft, a timing gear secured to the shaft at a oint removable from the holder, and a bearing between the blank holder and timing gear for supporting the shaft; said blan holder having a recess adapted to receive and a'ord support for the portion of a bevel gear blank adjacent to the base of its itch cone.

30. n a machine for a shaft, a blank holder of said shaft, a timing gear secured to the shaft at a point removed from the holder, and a bearing between the blank holder and timing gear for supporting the shaft; said blank 'holder having a recess adapted to receive and afford support for the portion of a bevel gear blank adjacent to the base of its pitch cone; a pull rod arranged to slide longitudinally in the shaft, one end extending through the blank holder and tapered to form an arbor for the blank, a

rolling bevel gears, carried by the end nut to screw on the arbor, whereby to force.

the blank on the arbor, and means for pullingthe rod endwise in the shaft, thus drawing the blank firmly into therecess.

31. In a machine for rolling teeth. on bevel pinions having com aratively few teeth, a shaft, a blank holder on the end thereof having a recess adapted to receive and afford support for the portion of the pinion adjacent to the base of its pitch cone, said recess having a rim that extends a LAsuflicient distance from the axis of the holder to support all of the metal in blank that is sub'ect to direct pressure from the die; a tapere arbor lon itudinally movable with reference to the older, a nut on the arbor to draw the blank tight on the arbor, and means for drawing in the arbor so as to clamp the blank in the recess.

32. In a gear rolling machine, a die roll, a blank holder, a timing gear connected to said holder, a journal bearing between the timing gear and holder, and means for producing relative movement of ap roach between the die roll and blank hol er whereby to sink the die teeth into a blank in the holder and form teeth thereon, said movement of approach being rectilineal and at an angle to the axis of the blank less than 0e 33. In a gear rolling machine, a die roll adapted to roll teeth on bevel gears, a blank holder adapted to support bevel gear blanks, a timing gear connected to the holder, a journal bearing between the blank holder and said gear, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and holder, whereby to roll teeth on blank carried by the latter.

34. In a metal rolling machine, a die,

means for rolling a heated blank against the die, first alternately in opposite directions and then continuously in one direction, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank.

35. In a metal rolling machine, a die, means for rolling a heated rotary blank against the die, first alternately in opposite directions and then continuously in one direction, and means for producing relative movement of approach between the die and blank.

In testimony whereof I aliix my sigma ture in the presence .of two subscribing wit- DESSBS.

HAROLD N. ANDERSON. Witnesses:

Sinn. Baum, JULIA Bonn'. 

